Radio receiving apparatus



Aug. 15, 1933. v Q Q EHRET 1,922,155

RADIO RECEIVING APPARATUS Original Filed July 19, 1928 iii non g) '1 vim 4 Inthe ianode circuit of th t b v i ;thep1'i-. respect to the inverse current of valve structure 4E5 nals ;may be connected th rida d filament of V2 the inductance for the purpose aforesaid is more audio frequency stages.

PatentedAug.15, 193" v a 1,922,155

UNITEDSTATES PATENT oFFrc YT Application July 19,1928, Serial No. 293,951 Renewed March 16, 1933 6 Claims, (01; 250- 27) My invention relates to radio receiving appaformer having a secondary 3 having adjacent ratus, particularly such as employ thermionic deits middle a tap connected to earth E. Connected vices otthe audion type requiring substantially toone terminal of thesecondary 3 is the electric uni-directional, current ,for'their anode circuits valve structure V1 comprising a few cells in seand fjor, their filaments, cathodes or cathode heatries. Similarly there is connected to the'other ers requiringcurrents of suitable characters. terminal of the secondary 3 avalve structure t 1 In accordance with my inventionpower from V2; In series between the valve structures V1 an alternating current source is supplied through andVZ and the point 0 are the inductances L1 a rectifying-filter system to supply anode cir-' and L2. Between the pointO and the anode a cuitpurrent for the vacuum tube or tubes, and of the tube V are the several chokecoils or infor the valve structure there is utilized such'type ductances H, H1, and H2 withintermediate shunt as p ermits substantial inverse current exemplipaths to earth E through the condensers K, K1 'fied fer example bythe electrolytic rectifiers, and i and K2. These choke coils and condensers form, particularly, and preferably, by thecopper-cue as Well 11ndeT$i100diI1 t r h p :1 ru xid o imilar type e 3 l suppressing system, the choke coilsand condens- Further in accordance with my invention curr havin sui abl ma nit de whi hv y m ng rent for the filaments, .cathodesorcathodeheatthemselves as well understood in the art. ers eithermionic devices or the character re- The valve structures or individual cells thereof ferred to is a rectified filtered currentderived are, of either the wet or dry electrolytic type, the from ,a source of alternating current through copper-cuprous oxide type, or other equivalent valve, structure ofthe character above referred. to. typ Characterized h fact that in a at My invention resides ina method and apparaductive circuit with a source of alternating curtusoflthe character hereinafter described and rent substantial inversecurrent is permitted to claimed, 1 t e fiow,in virtue of the imperfect valve action or For an un erstanding of -my'invention and imperf t asymm ri on tivity. is 0 for an illustration rone :of the various forms However by utilizing suitably high inductance it may take" reference ishad to the accompanyin circuit with each of the valve structures V1 ing drawing, which is a diagram of a circuit arand V25 whereby theratio of inductive reactance rangement embodying features of my invention, to resistance is high and preferably greater than Referring to the drawing, A is an antenna or four or five, and sometimes as much as ten or other absorption structure for absorbingelectrotwenty, the inver rr n is materially reduced d t nerg f m the n tural medi 'Bebelow what it would be me non-inductive cir-f 'tween thestructure A and earth or counter cae cu t, andm be reduced to uch e te t t at t pacity Eisthe primary pmf ar di frequenc ratio of the root means square value of the di- ;coupling transformer whose secondard s connects r6011? Positive, current is pw f and i to thegrid g, of a,vacuum'tube V ()f th e audi sometimes seven 'or ten times the root mean type ihaving in additionthe filament orcathode 1 qu Value O h e 0 negative, u q th mt or d g, i For this purpose the inductance L1 serves with ma ty pl gf a, radio;irequ -g 'my cgupling trans- V1, andthe inductance eflective as 130 this valve f rm r, ypr f rablylhavingastep-up ratio, Whose structure is contributed to by the inductance L1 secondary sl is bridged, forexample, by a variand a by the inductances C k @0118 abletuning condenserqC acrosswhose termi- H1 and Similarly as to h Valve Structure the next succeeding tube, which may be'either a contributed o brthe inductancem and the im radiofrequencyamplifierior a detectonthe set ductances or choke coils H, H1 and H2. In as atwhole comprising one or more radio freeither case the effective inductance of the valve quency amplified tubes, agdetector and one or structure circuit is of thehigh order, ormagni- I tude aforesaid, preferably efiecting the high ratio A single tube is illustrated as exemplary of ofreactance to resistance above referred to.

all or aseries oftubesarranged asaioresaid. 1 Across the extreme terminals of the secondary ,G is a source of, alternating current, forflex- 3 there'may exist a potential difference of about ample volts, 60 cycles,to which isconnected, as 500 volts or half that voltage is impressed upon r5 through a lamp socket, attachment plug :or the each valve circuit with its associated filter 'sys- 110 like, indicated at 1, the) primary2r of a transtem. Notwithstanding such: voltagesthe number of cells in series, particularly when of the copper-cuprous oxide type, is relatively small.

' The number is not critical but is preferably small the secondary that that voltage dividedby the number of cells in series will be at least ten and generally upwards of twenty.

The foregoing relations as to high inductance, high ratio of inductance to resistance, few cells in series, relative magnitudes of potential differences between valve structure and impedance, and ratio of current to rectifying surface are not perse my invention, but are the invention of Carl S. Weyandt, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

By recourse to valve structures V1 and V2 of the character above described the usual therminoic double wave rectifier valve utilized in alternating'current' socket power units is dispensed with, with particular advantage in that the current for its cathode or filament excitation is saved, and no extra transformer winding for this purpose is necessary. y,

Furthermore the valve structures V1 and V2, particularly when the copper-cuprous oxide type such as those nowmarketed under the names of Rectox and Kuprox,'are of-the dry type occupying small space, light in weight, and suitable for inclusion in compact arrangement with the elements of an alternating current rectifier-filter system, and suitable for embedding in congealed insulating material with other elements of-the socket power unit within a suitable casing.

As indicated the transformer may have an additional secondary 1' which supplies current to the filaments), ,f of one or more of the vacuum tubes of the receiving set aforesaid, for example including the filament f of the tube V. The same secondary may supply currentto a heater hfor an equi-potential cathode is of a detector tube; or for the heater h a separate secondary may be employed. I

Or some of the cathodes or cathode heaters may be supplied by rectified filtered alternating current from the source G as indicated in the lower portion of the drawing, where f, 1 represent filaments of any number of the tubes, and h the heater of an equi-potential cathode is. In this case valve structures V3 and V4, of any of the aforesaid types, particularly the copper-cuprous oxide type, are connected to opposite sides of the line from the source G through inductances L3 and L4 to the point 0 beyond which again are the choke coils or inductances H, H1 and H2 with the shunted condensers K, K1 and K2 connected to the conductor or bus 5 which in turn is connected to the substantially mid-point 6 of the impedance, preferably an inductance, I, bridged across the supply current connected to the source G. Theinductances L3, H, H1 and H2 contribute to the'total high inductance and inductive reactance for the valve structure V3 and similarly the inductance L4 and choke coils H, H1 and H2 contribute to the inductance for the valve structure V4 for like purposes. Here again the proportions above described in connection with valve structure V1 and V2 and their associated inductances, apply for like reasons and purposes. Either in advance of the filter system, as at R, or

I beyond the filter system, as at R1, or in both places, may be inserted resistances for maintaining suitably low the uni-directional voltages impressed upon the terminals of the filaments ,f and/ or heater h. These resistances may be adjustable as shown, or of fixed magnitude, and preferably in any event of such magnitudes as not to vitiate the preferred proportions above referred to, namely high ratio of inductive reactance to resistance of the circuit external to each valve structure.

It will be understood that the filaments f and h ofthe lower portion of the drawing may be those of any of the vacuum tubes, including V, of the radio receiving set of which V is representative.

Again the valve structures V3 and V4 may be compactly arranged with the other portions of the filter system, and elements thereof may be embedded in congealed insulating material within their container.

What I claim is:

1. Radio receiving apparatus comprising vacu um tube structure of the thermionic type, a source of alternating current,- valve structure of the character permitting substantial inverse current for rectifying current from said source for energizing at least one circuit of said vacuum tube structure, and a filter system, the inductive reactance oper ative in the circuit of the valve structure having a magnitude such that its ratio to the resistance external to the valve structure is high, and the number of valves in series and the impedance of the valve structure being such that the fallof potential across the impedance external to the valve structure is upwards of four times the fall of potential across said valve structure.

2. Radio receiving apparatus comprising vacu um tube structure of the thermionic type,- a source of alternating current; valve structure of the character permitting substantial inverse current for rectifying current from said source for energizing at least one circuit of said vacuum tube structure, and a filter system, the inductive rac tance operative in the circuit of the valve struc ture having a magnitude such that its ratio to the resistance. external to the valve structure is high, and the number of valves in series being such that the applied alternating current voltage divided by said number is in excess of ten.

3. The method of supplying current for the en ergization of at least one of the circuits of a vacuum tube of a radio receiving system-comprising valve structure including a plurality of units of the type permitting substantial inverse current and a filter having correlated inductance and. capacity, which comprises imparting to the circuit of the valve structure inductive reactance which is high with respect to the resistanceexter'nal to the valve structure and apportioning the number of valve units in series and the impedance of the valve structure such that-the fall of potential across the impedance external to the valve struc ture is upwards of four times the fall of potential across said valve structure.

4. The method ofsupplying current for the energization of at least one of the circuits of a vacuum tube of a radio receiving system comprising valve structure including a plurality of units of the type permitting substantial inverse current and a filter having correlated inductance and capacity, which comprises imparting to the circuit of the valve structure inductive reactance which is high with respect to the resistance external to the valve structure and limiting thevalve units 1,922,155 in series to a. number such that the ratio'of applied alternating current voltage to said number exceeds ten.

5. Radio receiving apparatus comprising vacuum tube structure of the thermionic type, a source of alternating current, valve structures of the character permitting substantial inverse current for respectively rectifying the waves of opposite signs from said alternating current source forenergizing at least one circuit of said vacuum tube structure, 'a filter system including inductance, inductance in series with each of said valve structures and the input end of said filter systemfthe inductive reactanceof the inductance of said filter system and oi. the inductance individual to each of said valve structures and operative in the circuit of each of said valve structures hav-. ing a magnitude such that its ratio to the resistance external to each of said valve structures is high and the number of valves in series and the impedance of each of said valve structures being such that the fall of potential across the impedance external to eachvalve structure is upwards .of four times the fall of potential across each valve structure.

6. Radio receiving apparatus comprising vac uum tube structure of the thermionic type, a

source of alternating current, valve structure of 

